Jet A-1 is a kerosene-type aviation turbine fuel with a maximum freezing point of -47 °C, used by civil aviation worldwide. Its quality is defined by DEF STAN 91-091, ASTM D1655 and the joint AFQRJOS checklist used at most international airports.
Key specification limits
| Parameter | Limit |
|---|
| Density at 15 °C | 775.0 to 840.0 kg/m³ |
| Flash point | min 38.0 °C |
| Freezing point | max -47.0 °C |
| Total sulfur | max 0.30 % m/m |
| Mercaptan sulfur | max 0.0030 % m/m (or Doctor test negative) |
| Aromatics | max 25.0 % v/v (ASTM D1319) or 26.5 % v/v (ASTM D6379) |
| Smoke point | min 25.0 mm, or min 18.0 mm with naphthalenes max 3.00 % v/v |
| Distillation: 10 % recovered / final boiling point | max 205.0 °C / max 300.0 °C |
| Viscosity at -20 °C | max 8.000 mm²/s |
| Net specific energy | min 42.80 MJ/kg |
| Existent gum | max 7 mg/100 mL |
| Thermal stability (JFTOT at 260 °C) | pressure drop max 25.0 mmHg; tube rating below 3 |
| Acidity | max 0.015 mg KOH/g |
| Electrical conductivity | 50 to 600 pS/m |
Limits as listed in a supplier specification sheet that follows AFQRJOS Issue 36 (February 2025). Current issues at the time of writing: DEF STAN 91-091 Issue 18, AFQRJOS Issue 36B, ASTM D1655-25a. Always confirm against the issue named in your contract. Sources: ANCAP Jet A-1 specification, EASA SIB 2026-04.
How Jet A-1 is traded
- Cargoes are commonly quoted in metric tonnes or in barrels for large contract volumes.
- Into-plane supply requires full documentation of quality from refinery to airport; traders should confirm which certificates the buyer's fuel facility requires.
- Payment and inspection follow the same logic as diesel deals: a DLC and independent inspection.
Current Jet A-1 listings